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Steenkool is uiteraard ‘n natuurlike element, maar die gebruik daarvan beteken nie dit is noodwendig goed of sleg nie – daar is voor en nadele, nes enige ander mineraal of produk. Die gebruik daarvan op allerhande maniere is in die lug, land, see en omgewing waarneembaar. Die besoedelingsvlakke van steenkoolverbruik, is en bly baie hoog, baie nadelig vir omgewing, mense en diere, of dit nou steenkool of diesel is.
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Ons in Suid-Afrika maak heelwat van steenkool sowel diesel gebruik. Is die steenkool besoedeling vlak moontlik meer as ander soortgelyke produkte wat aangewend word om krag op te wek en te voorsien, naamlik diesel in plek van steenkool, sonpanele, water of wind.
Diesel of ander brandstowwe word nie in emmers uit ‘n put of fontein geskep nie. Net om diesel of brandstof te vervaardig dra by tot die groot besoedelingsvlak, maar dit word verder deur ons en veral deur Eskom vergroot om dit aan te wend in plek van steenkool. Dus, ‘n dubbel dosis van besoedeling. Diesel opwekkers maak gebruik van brandstof wat ook nie goedkoop is nie.
Duisende opwekkers word landwyd gebruik gedurende beurtkrag wat meestal van diesel gebruik maak en behoort by die totale besoedelingsvlak wat deur Eskom veroorsaak word, saammgevoeg word. Niemand het keuses om by te dra tot meer besoedeling, want opwekkers besoedel elke besigheid, winkel, huis en omgewing.
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Publikasiedatum:
Woensdag 22 Februarie 2023
In 2022 was die totale stelselaanvraag soortgelyk aan 2021, maar steeds 5,2 TWh (2,2%) minder as die voor-inperkingsvlakke van 2019. Steenkool oorheers steeds die Suid-Afrikaanse energiemengsel en verskaf 80% van die totale stelsellading. Die bydrae van hernubare energietegnologieë (wind, sonkrag-PV en CSP) het in 2022 tot ‘n totaal van 6,2 GW geïnstalleerde kapasiteit toegeneem en het 7,3% van die totale energiemengsel verskaf. Dit was die eerste jaar dat sonkrag (PV en CSP) opwekkingsuitset afgeneem het.
Statistiek oor kragopwekking in Suid-Afrika vir 2022
Die Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidsnavorsingsraad (WNNR) het sy jaarlikse statistieke oor kragopwekking in Suid-Afrika vir 2022 (1 Januarie 2022 tot 31 Desember 2022) vrygestel, insluitend data van beurtkrag en energiebeskikbaarheidsfaktor (EAF).
Die statistieke sluit alle nuts-skaal generasie tegnologie in. Tegnologieë sluit in steenkool, kernkrag, hidro, fotovoltaïese sonkrag (PV), wind op land, gekonsentreerde sonkrag (CSP), gepompte berging en diesel-aangedrewe oopsiklus gasturbines.
In 2022 was die totale stelselaanvraag soortgelyk aan 2021, maar steeds 5,2 TWh (2,2%) minder as die voor-inperkingsvlakke van 2019. Steenkool oorheers steeds die Suid-Afrikaanse energiemengsel en verskaf 80% van die totale stelsellading. Die bydrae van hernubare energietegnologieë (wind, sonkrag-PV en CSP) het in 2022 tot ‘n totaal van 6,2 GW geïnstalleerde kapasiteit toegeneem en het 7,3% van die totale energiemengsel verskaf. Dit was die eerste jaar dat sonkrag (PV en CSP) opwekkingsuitset afgeneem het.
Die Eskom-vloot EAF het sy dalende neiging in 2022 voortgesit, met ‘n gemiddelde EAF van 58,1%, vergeleke met die EAF van 61,7% vir 2021 en 65% vir 2020. Dit is grootliks as gevolg van die toename in onbeplande onderbrekings (gedetailleerd deur die onbeplande kapasiteit) verliesfaktor) wat deur Eskom ervaar word. Die jaar 2022 het 2021 verbygesteek as die mees intensiewe beurtkragjaar nóg, gekonsentreer in die laaste helfte van die jaar, wat meer as 80% van die jaarlikse totaal uitgemaak het. Desember 2022, die hoogste beurtkragmaand ooit, op sy eie was meer beurtkrag as in enige vorige jaar. Dit is die eerste jaar dat die meerderheid van beurtkrag nie Fase 2 was nie, nadat dit deur Fase 4 verbygesteek is. Fase 6-beurtkrag het dié wat in 2019 ervaar is, die enigste ander jaar met Fase 6, ver oortref.
Hieronder is die verslag om af te laai:
https://www.csir.co.za/documents/statistics-power-sa-2022-csirpdf
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In 2022, the total system demand was similar to 2021, but still 5.2 TWh (2.2%) less than the pre-lockdown levels of 2019. Coal still dominates the South African energy mix, providing 80% of the total system load. The contribution of renewable energy technologies (wind, solar PV and CSP) increased in 2022 to a total of 6.2 GW installed capacity and provided 7.3% of the total energy mix. It was the first year that solar (PV and CSP) generation output decreased.
Statistics on power generation in South Africa for 2022
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has released its annual statistics on power generation in South Africa for 2022 (1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022), including loadshedding and energy availability factor (EAF) data.
The statistics include all utility-scale generation technologies. Technologies include coal, nuclear, hydro, solar photovoltaics (PV), onshore wind, concentrated solar power (CSP), pumped storage and diesel-fueled open cycle gas turbines.
In 2022, the total system demand was similar to 2021, but still 5.2 TWh (2.2%) less than the pre-lockdown levels of 2019. Coal still dominates the South African energy mix, providing 80% of the total system load. The contribution of renewable energy technologies (wind, solar PV and CSP) increased in 2022 to a total of 6.2 GW installed capacity and provided 7.3% of the total energy mix. It was the first year that solar (PV and CSP) generation output decreased.
The Eskom fleet EAF continued its declining trend in 2022, with an average EAF of 58.1%, compared to the EAF of 61.7% for 2021 and 65% for 2020. This is largely due to the increase of unplanned outages (detailed by the unplanned capacity loss factor) experienced by Eskom. The year 2022 overtook 2021 as the most intensive load shedding year yet, concentrated in the latter half of the year, which comprised over 80% of the annual total. December 2022, the highest loadshedding month ever, on its own was more loadshedding than in any previous year. This is the first year that the majority of load shedding has not been Stage 2, having been overtaken by Stage 4. Stage 6 load shedding has far surpassed that experienced in 2019, the only other year with Stage 6.
Below is the report to download:
Statistics of power generation in South Africa 2022 [pdf – 5MB]
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DIESEL
Diesel word van ru-petroleum gemaak. Klein hoeveelhede swael, stikstof en suurstof (sogenaamde heteroatome) is in hierdie brandstof teenwoordig. Wanneer heteroatome in molekulêre strukture met koolstof en waterstof gebind word, word die resulterende verbindings nie as koolwaterstowwe gekenmerk nie. Tipiese voorbeelde van nie-koolwaterstofverbindings wat in diesel voorkom, sluit in dibensotiofeen (swaelverbinding) en karbasool (stikstofverbinding).
Die distillate swaarder as keroseen wat deur atmosferiese distillasie van ru-olie verkry word, is die gasoliestrome. Gasolies is die hoofvermengingskomponente vir dieselbrandstofproduksie. Bykomende tipes gasolie kan uit kraakprosesse verkry word. Gasolies van hidrokrakers het baie goeie ontstekingskwaliteit-eienskappe, terwyl gasolies van termiese en katalitiese kraking swak ontstekingskwaliteit-eienskappe het. Afhangende van die tipe ru-olie wat gebruik word, verskil die eienskappe van die vervaardigde petrol.
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Diesel fuel is made from crude petroleum. Small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen (so called heteroatoms) are present in this fuel. When heteroatoms are bound into molecular structures with carbon and hydrogen, the resulting compounds are not characterized as hydrocarbons. Typical examples of nonhydrocarbon compounds found in diesel include dibenzothiophene (sulfur compound) and carbazole (nitrogen compound).
The distillates heavier than kerosene derived by atmospheric distillation of crude oil are the gasoil streams. Gasoils are the main blending components for diesel fuel production. Additional types of gasoil can be derived from cracking processes. Gasoils from hydrocrackers have very good ignition quality properties, while gasoils from thermal and catalytic cracking have poor ignition quality properties. Depending on the type of crude oil used, the properties of the produced gasoil are different.
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Bronne en inligting
https://www.csir.co.za/csir-releases-statistics-on-power-generation-south-africa-2022#:
Swart long siekte en swart steenkoolstof
Oorlogkamer van Eskom 2014
Rassistiese Eskom oorlogkamers
Ramaphosa – 2020 – New Dawn – NWO
Development of One Plans – Ramaphosa
KAPINGS – CAPTURES
State capture – Zondo commission – Molefe – Gigaba – Guptas
Eskom – Sabotasie – belastingbetalers
Eskom : corruption (executives)
Nigel Farage exposes George Soros – OSF
Africa Check and funding – South Africa – Africa – OSF.SA George Soros and others
Cato Institute and Koch Brothers (Muckety)
George Soros – OSF.SA – FW stigting – Grondeise: 1994
Soros and revolution – Schwartz György
Kodesa – “liberale en kommunistiese grondwet skrywers”
SA Parliament Eskom 2 September 2020
Sabotage inside Eskom 2020 report
Illegal Immigrant workers (WC) at Mpekweni Resort – R1.56 million and Fish River resorts (EC)
Kroondal – Rustenburg besettings (Aug 2020) – Illegal landgrabs
Millions of illegals in South Africa
Noga’s Post village – CIS -Afriforum-Pioneer-Saai-AaA- Agrico-Boiphitlhelelo
CPA landclaims and study Northern Province
Ingonyama Trustland (Zulu people)
Zoeloes – Ingonyama Trust and land reform
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Eskom – Koketso Choma – Matshela Koko
Mislukte Suid-Afrika – SA Failed
Matshela Koko en ander in hof: Oktober 2022 – Eskom
Zondo – Barbara Hogan – Gordhan – Zuma – Guptas
Sabotasie – skending van menseregte
15 jaar PLUS beurtkrag onder ANC
Eskom – Soweto – onwettige elektrisiteit
Eskom blitse finansiële verliese
Affidavit – State Capture by SARB & Banks
Zondo – Hogan – Zuma – State capture
Zondo Commission – Zuma – 2021
Zondo – Barbara Hogan – Gordhan – Zuma – Guptas
Zuma and his Zondo commission about State capture
Zuma in action – his own Zondo Commission
Zondo Commission – Ngoako Ramatlhodi (spy) – Zuma
Ramaphosa – Bosasa and R500 000
Swart bemagtiging, word sedert 1994 deur Ramaphosa beheer (kommissie)
Development of One Plans – Ramaphosa
AAI (Afrikaner-Afrika inisiatief)
Veelrassige organisasies – ABN
VANDAG is dit nie anders nie.
Kodesa leuens – Lies of Codesa
Dakar 1986-.. – Notes of H Giliomee
Afrikanerbond : Afrikaner-Broederbond in SA
Mandela (Mells Park House)
ONAFHANKLIK 
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