British horses during the Anglo-Boer wars

Die duisende perde wat die Britse ryk tydens die Anglo-Boere Oorloë ingespan en gebruik het, was meestal ‘werkperde’ of ‘oorlogsakke’ en word meestal as berede infanterieperde, geweerperde en perderuiters gebruik.  Perde het uit verskillende oorsese lande en rigtings gekom, spesifiek om die Britse ryk te ondersteun.  Dus, was ons voorgeslagte se twee oorloë slegs teen die Britte?  nee, beslis nie, besluit maar self.  Dit het nog nooit opgehou nie, swart bemagtiging, korrupsie en heelwat leuens gaan voort.
 

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British Boer war horses were ‘work horses’ or ‘war harses’, being used as mounted infantry horses, gun horses, and cavalry horses. Not only were horses ridden by soldiers, they were also used to pull gun-carriages – sometimes through muddy battle grounds or over rough, uneven terrain as well as having to ford rivers and streams. Horses and mules were also required to pull heavily laden transport wagons.   Most of the horses were imported by the British empire from the United States of America and other British colonial countries.

The number of horses killed in the Anglo-Boer War was unprecedented. When one considers that over 300 000 of them died during active service – not counting the horses on the Boer side – one can begin to appreciate how important these animals were in that conflict. The war lasted for 970 days, which amounts to about 309 British horses dying a day. The Boer horses also died in in their thousands, many ridden to exhaustion. Not unexpectedly, dead horses were not buried but tended to be left where they fell.

https://somethingovertea.wordpress.com/2016/04/21/war-horses-the-role-of-horses-in-the-anglo-boer-war-1899-1902/

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American newspapers reported during 1902 that Great Britain had established a military base in New Orleans, Louisiana, for the shipment of horses and mules from the United States to South Africa; they were to be remounts for the Anglo-Boer, 1899–1902, the last fully horse-powered war in history.

Most of the equines sent to southern Africa came from the United States via steamships. From October 1899 to June 1902, 109,878 horses and 81,524 mules were shipped from New Orleans in 65 different British steamships making 166 voyages at an average cost of US$597,978 per month for each of the 32 months of the war. It was one of the largest global transports of animals in history.

 

American horses for the South African War 1899-1902
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/american-horses-south-african-war-1899-1902


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Die toestande op die stoomskepe was nie baie goed nie, swak verby.

https://www.academia.edu/36611856/PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE_American_Horses_for_the_South_African_War_1899_1902_

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Two independent countries were annexed by the British empire to get the minerals, it was also fully annexed in 1902.   Who helped the British empire from a backseat?

The struggle of two small pastoral republics – the Orange Free State and the Transvaal (its formal title was the South African Republic) – to retain their independence by braving the might of the British Empire evoked strong feelings of sympathy in the breasts of most Americans. They saw it as the small and weak pitted against the large and powerful, republics against monarchy, and it reminded many of our own revolution against this same empire.

They were founded by Boers, people of Dutch and French Huguenot descent whose ancestors had gone to the Cape of Good Hope in the seventeenth century. Early in the nineteenth century, when the British took over the Cape and abolished slavery, the Boers fled into the hinterland to escape their rule. They had already developed into a hardy, resourceful, quarrelsome, fiercely independent race with their own language, customs, and system of government.

The citizens of the two Boer republics were not only farmers, but they wanted only to live their own lives in their own way.    In 1886 they found gold, more gold than had ever been found anywhere else in the world. At the time Kruger wisely warned his people not to rejoice, for “this gold will cause our country to be soaked in blood – as expected”. 

In the gold rush that followed, thousands of foreigners flocked to the Transvaal. The Boers were perplexed by all these outlandish folk –  uitlanders, they called them – who descended upon them; they were amazed but not bedazzled by the quantities of gold that came from their earth and baffled by the new industries and the peculiar needs they created.

The Boers were fearful too, for their whole way of life seemed threatened. The uitlanders, on their part, were affronted by laws and customs quite different from their own and annoyed that the Boers would not change them. They were incensed that in Johannesburg, which they regarded as theirs, the policemen were Boers and that in this Boer republic the language of the courts and schools was Afrikaans, which had developed from seventeenth-century Dutch.

Goaded by the British and Americans among them, the uitlanders clamored for the right to vote in Transvaal elections, and when the Boers steadfastly refused they made a feeble attempt at a revolution, which the Boers promptly squashed. Finally they turned to badgering Britain for help, and here they were more successful.

Alfred Milner, newly appointed High Commissioner for South Africa, took up their cause and made it his own. With the approval of his government he began to put pressure on Kruger to give the uitlanders the franchise. Milner’s requests turned to demands, but Kruger stubbornly held his ground.

Milner was appointed to replace Lord Rosmead (Hercules Robinson) as High Commissioner for South Africa and Governor of the Cape Colony when the latter resigned in 1897. He was appointed by Joseph Chamberlain, at the time the Colonial Secretary in the English cabinet.

https://www.americanheritage.com/taking-sides-boer-war



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There were quite a lot foreigners (uitlanders) here, demanding all rights and have the mineral rights as well.

Afrikanerbond involvement

Milner’s tour of Bechuanaland and Rhodesia seems to have started towards the end of October at Kimberley in the district of Griqualand West. The addresses often afford a glimpse into many corners of society in the regions Milner visited, with as many groups as possible clearly keen to express their support for him and their (at least, expressed) devotion to Queen Victoria and the Empire.

From Kimberley and Griqualand West, for instance, there are examples from the Divisional Council, the Mayor and Councillors of the Borough, the Indian Political Association (on behalf of the Indian Community), the Branch of the Africander Bond and Farmers’ Association with the Dutch community of the Diamond Fields, the branches of the South African League and, in an indication of the social divisions that were to remain, a separate one from the “coloured residents”.

After the initial round of touring his new territories, Milner presumably returned to Cape Town.

The Second Boer War started in October 1899.

In early March 1901 Milner took up residence in Johannesburg, assuming responsibility for the administration of the two Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State which, despite the war continuing, were both annexed to the British Empire. Milner resigned his role of governor of the Cape Colony but continued as High Commissioner. There are in the collection three addresses from Johannesburg from 1901, one of which is dated in March (with the others quite probably from the same point in time), presumably welcoming him as the new administrator of the region.

Among the Alfred Milner papers in the archives of New College is a collection of handwritten or printed addresses (or copies of addresses) presented to Lord Milner from the peoples and towns of British South Africa while he was there in the capacities of High Commissioner and Governor of the Cape Colony (and in the wake of the Second Boer War, as Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colonies) between 1897 and 1905.     

It was hoped Milner would address and help alleviate had been left particularly delicate and difficult after the Jameson Raid of 1895-1896. This had been an attempt, planned in part by Cecil Rhodes, Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, to incite an uprising in Johannesburg and the South African Republic by having an armed force under the leadership of Leander Starr Jameson cross the border and march towards the township with the ultimate aim of wresting control of both it and the gold fields from the Transvaal government.

Forewarned, the Boers arrested the group and its leaders. In total contrast to its aims the Raid only succeeded in unifying the Boers behind President Paul Kruger and eventually resulted, in 1897, in a military pact between the Transvaal and the Orange Free State – the first moves towards the Second Boer War of 1899-1902.

Click to access 2NCN2%20%282012%29%20Morgan%20-%20Alfred%20Lord%20Milner.pdf

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Die walglike toestande op stoomskepe was nie baie goed nie, perde het letterlik van honger of siektes omgekom, oorboord gegooi.    Hulle was heel opmekaar ingeperk vir die tydperke op see.   

Verskillende lande se invoer van verskillende perde, het ook verskillende eetgewoontes gehad, dus het lande se perde eie gewoontes gehad.   

Die Britte en spesifiek die soldate, se bande met die perde was allermins in orde vir so ‘n tipe oorlog, terwyl die Boere weer in beter toestande hul perde self opgelei en verkry het.

https://www.animalsandsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/swart.pdf

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Soos opgemerk word, is daar heelwat berigte geplaas dat Suid-Afrika reeds bestaan, terwyl dit nie die geval was nie.   Die Unie van Suid-Afrika het eers in 1910 begin.   SA was nog nie in sig hier nie, tog word daar baie geskryf oor Suid-Afrika wat toe al bestaan het.   

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638315?seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents

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Oorlogvoering – finansieel, sielkundig, maatskaplik,  manipulasie, beheer en kontrole


Hoe stem dit wat ons as die Boere nageslagte ervaar, ooreen met die van 100 jaar gelede – swart bemagtiging word ook deur internasionale regerings gesteun, daarom sluit hulle ooreenkomste met die ANC-EFF-DA-ACDP en ander in parlement.   

Tans is daar heelwat meer as 100 wetgewings wat swart bemagtiging bemagtiging voorskryf op alle vlakke van regering – tot die Wes-Kaap is onderhewig aan die Nasionale wetgewings.  Lees die blou liberale en hul provinsiale beleid wat ooreenstem met nasionale swart bemagtiging wetgewings.

Dat die Britte nie alleen was nie, is baie duidelik, daar was wel sommige burgers van ander lande wat hul wel by die handjievol Boere geskaar het.  Terloops, daar word van BOER gepraat, want dit is wat ons voorgeslagte hulself in die Boere republieke genoem het – BOERE (nie almal was landbouers nie, daar was ander beroepe ook).

Heelwat lande sal dit ook nie maklik erken dat hul op hierdie manier die Britte 100% gesteun het nie, want heelwat oorlogvoering was te perd gewees.   Vandag doen hulle dit steeds.  Wanneer daar op internet na Hansards, webtuistes of selfs jaarverslae gekyk word, kan gesien word wie steun wie.

Perde is en was nog altyd ‘n wapen en om wapens te voorsien aan ‘n land, maar ontken dat daar wapens voorsien is is kyk anderpad van vernietiging.   Dit is ‘n vervoermiddel, hetsy soldaat of vrag.

Dit was ook vanselfsprekend dat perde slegs in sekere aspekte gebruik is en dat lande vanselfsprekend en ruim vir hul perde betaal is.  Hoe ver is daar destyds nie al agteroorgebuig om die handjievol Boere en hul vroue te vernietig en selfs die ander burgers wie se grond geannekseer is.   

Hierdie tendens was vooraf beplan en vir minerale rykdom, om beheer van minerale in die ou ZAR en Vrystaat Boere republieke, asook ander provinsies te bekom.   Ons besef nie hoe groot die aanslag was en steeds is nie.   

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Heelwat Amerikaners en leiers sal ontken dat hul betrokke was by die Anglo-Boere oorloë, verdrae wat gesluit was en omdat hul as “neutraal” wou staan.   Daar word meer as een stoel waargeneem wie betrokke was by die Anglo-Boere oorloë.   Om ‘n perd groot te maak, versorg en selfs te verskeep is nie kleingeld nie – wie het geld geruil vir perde?

Sou die Amerikaners nie die duisende perde uitgevoer het nie, sou dit beslis anders opge-eindig het, want die Britte sou sonder vervoermiddels gesit het.    Die tendens het ook die Britte ‘n groot voordeel verskaf bo die van die Boere en hul onafhanklike republieke.   Amerika het net so ‘n groot rol gespeel in hierdie oorlogvoering meer as 100 jaar gelede.

Daar was ook heelwat finansies vanaf die bronne verkry in die guns van Engeland.   Hoeveel moes perde deurmaak met die verskepingsprosesse en het uiteindelik verswak en omgekom.   Die vraag is ook, waarom het die Britte nie hul eie vervoermiddels (soos perde) aangewend in die oorlogvoerings nie – omdat hul nie gehad het nie, maar verwag Amerika en ander lande moes hulle help teen die handjievol Boere.

Anneksasies

Daarom is meeste grondgebiede geannekseer.   Ironies is swart gebiede as Reservate (sedert laat 1840s)  en meeste Griekwa en Khoi san gebiede is as Kroongebiede verklaar, waarop ons as Boer of Blanke geen seggenskap het in elk geval nie.  Hierdie gebiede is ook in die Unie grondwet beskerm as Reservaat of Kroongebiede.   En interessant, tydens Kodesa en daarna tot datum, kan geen Boer of Afrikaner grond besit in enige van die gebiede nie.  Grondeise word ook onder CPA of Trustwetgewing hanteer, wat slegs kommunale gebiede voorhou, dws. slegs lewensreg en geen privaatbesit in die gebiede.    Daar is wel al aangetoon dat daar oor die 7.5 miljoen swartes is met titelaktes en privaatbesit.   Dus hoe kan die 30 + miljoen swart en khoisan grondloos wees?   Hulle is en was nog nooit nie.

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LEGKAART EN ANDER LANDE SE BETROKKENHEID

Minerale rykdom in suidelike Afrika is gerieflik in 1902 deur die Britse ryk geannekseer en daarna het die Statebondslande gevorm en om “beheer/kontrole” uitgevoer – dit is ook moontik dat ‘lande’ steeds voor 1902 bestaan het.   

Die Britte se CPA is in 1911 in Unie van Suid-Afrika gestig – ironies is hulle netso lief om gedurig name van organisasies, maatskappye en besighede te verander.

Honderde ooreenkomste word vandag gesluit met oorsese regerings.

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Today and yesterday – Most of the big mining companies and businesses involved and operated in South Africa are all B-BBEE – some relevant to a foreign country….  
Diamonds/Diamante – Gold/Goud -MINERALS

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The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association – The CPA was founded in 1911 at a meeting of Heads of Government in Westminster Hall as the then-Empire Parliamentary Association and its affairs were administered by the UK Branch. The original members were Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
1911 – South Africa – Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

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BEHEER EN KONTROLE

The CPA was founded as the Empire Parliamentary Association in 1911, with its first branches being Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom, the latter branch administering the Association as a whole.    In 1948 the Association changed its name to the current Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, and invited all branches to participate in the organisation’s administration.
Empire Parliamentary Association (1911) changed to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (1948)

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This is the apartheid flag – where it started, long before 1900 – segregation started with the British empire under their control and flag.   Dis waar apartheid begin het, by die Britse ryk onder hulle Vlag. (vlae – let wel, daar is meer as een vlag)
British Empire and their colonial rules/flags

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LAND OWNERSHIPS
There is only 730 000 white private ownerships versus 7.5 million black ownership.   Not sure about the other groups, Indians or Coloureds, etc of people in South Africa.  Luister na die onderstaande video materiaal – uitgereik deur NUUS in Suid-Afrika en FW de Klerk stigting, Flip Buys en Afrisake.   Dit is in Maart 2018 gedoen.   Listen to the video material.

Waar bly 7.5 swart eienaars met titelaktes in SA?

There are 7.5 million blacks with private ownership in South Africa and they are not landless as their leaders declared, while complaining about white land ownership or white privileges.   

The 7.5 million black ownership in SA

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Government bought more than 5000 farms since 1994 with tax money.   Wie besit die grootste gedeeltes grondgebiede in Suid-Afrika – wie is die wettige eienaars. The Government of South Africa do have various farmlands and properties.    Daar is slegs ‘n paar van die 5000 plase, aan armes toegeken, die res, wat eens voedselvoorsieners was, is nou in verwaarlosing.
Grond eienaars: ANC regeringsplase

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Dit was eers Reservate of Kroongebiede, toe word dit Tuislande (wat volle onafhanklikheid sou verkry het, maar dis gestop) en toe word dit CPA’s of Trustgebiede onder verskillende en aparte wetgewings.
Trustgebiede-Tuislande-Reservate

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HY beheer swart bemagtiging – met kommissie, wetgewing en liberales wat hom help skryf aan wetgewing.  
Ramaphosa – swart bemagtiging kommissie

Inhoudsopgawe B-BBEE Index

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In control in South Africa
Parlement Suid-Afrika

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WELL-PAID AND MAINTENANCE
It was recently declared that the South African traditional leaders cost the taxpayer over R250 million a year. but it is much more than that.     Traditionally, the zulu or xhosa leaders (queen/king) are only rulers of their own people and tribes, not the traditional leaders of the Khoisan, Indian or Afrikaner/Boer people.   Khoisan and Griqwa do have their own leaders as well lands.   There are 8840 traditional leaders at the moment – living on Trustland or CPAs (old homelands and landclaims).   Therefore, it is not the  “Government” that pay the bills, but the “taxpayers”.     But who are those 8840 black and coloured traditional leaders?   All of them, were “appointed” after 1994 in their own separate lands.
Traditional leaders South Africa: 8840

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Read also with CPA documentations (communal rights) and white paper as well different legislations, like Trustlands and also landclaims that fall under the CPA legislation.

Agreements and Traditional leaderships

Begroting – tradisionele leiers 2019