Africa – migration and kingdoms

 

The most important thing to note is that a large part of Africa is unsuitable for dense settlement.  Africa was on the backend of centuries of slave exports and war. The late stages of the 19th-century would see it deal with famines and the introduction of polio and rinderpest into the continent.  Historically kingdoms are not the norm in Africa.    The kingdoms had more people because they were concentrated in the most fertile parts of the continent. However, the majority of African societies were acephalous or Stateless. Many were also nomadic or semi-nomadic.

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Written by – Emmanuel-Francis Nwaolisa Ogomegbunam (Nigeria)

Without seeing your map, I can predict it would have shown Ottoman control everywhere in North Africa except Morocco. The entire Sahara would be blank. West Africa, west of the River Benue, would be divided into empires and kingdoms of different sizes. East of the Benue would be more sparse.   In East Africa, there was the big Ethiopian Empire and then progressively smaller city-States and acephalous societies on the coast and in the interior until you got to the Great Lakes region. More of the same across Central Africa with Kongo, Ndongo, Portuguese colonies, Luba being exceptions. Most of western South Africa would also be blank.

 

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The Bantu (“the people”) is a cultural-linguistic cluster of peoples originating around present-day Cameroon and Nigeria in West Africa. The prefix “ba” means “people,” while the stem “ntu” refers to “life force,” hence, “the people.”

These African peoples migrated into much of central, southern, and eastern Africa over an approximate 2,000-year period. Rather than a mass exodus, sizable streams of people over a vast territory and equally large period constituted one of the largest migratory flows in human history. Though its origin in time remain unclear, the eastern branch of proto-Bantu plowed through present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique to south Africa, while the western branch moved into present-day Angola, Namibia, and northwest Botswana.

Nguni-speakers form the largest division of the Eastern Bantu language in southern
Africa. In the recent past, most lived in a broad belt extending from Swaziland south
through KwaZulu-Natal to the Fish River. Within this broad zone, the Mtamvuma River
conventionally separates the Cape, or Southern Nguni (e.g. Xhosa and Mpondo) from
Natal, or Northern Nguni (e.g. Zulu and Swazi). Smaller groups still live on the interior
plateau of the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, while others live in Malawi,
Mocambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

https://search.proquest.com/openview/6379e51ac6eb8da1f6e27dec3eb124e5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=4852084

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G. Liesegang, ‘Nguni migrations between Delagoa Bay and the Zambezi, 1821-1839’ , African Historical Studies.

Population movement across Southern Africa triggered by the Mfecane in the early nineteenth century resulted in two groups of people, the Ndebele and Shangaan, settling in what later became Southern Rhodesia, while another, the Ngoni, passed through the territory (see Fig. 1).41 ese population movements and increased in-teractions with European explorers and missionaries from the 1850s are oen ex-amined in the context of the white occupation of the territory but they also involved the exchange of veterinary knowledge due to new veterinary challenges such as lung sickness among Ndebele cattle in 1861.

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Apartheid started under British colonialism – look at the Shepstone Policy, 1854. Legislation from the British empire.

Shepstone – Natal, roots of segregation

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There were more than 2000 homelands in Africa before 1900…. 
Tuislande – so-called apartheid – Homelands

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What is China doing in Africa?
China in Africa and South Africa

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What is the Africa depression?
Afar – Africa depression – from space

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Voor Tuislande is die gebiede Reservate genoem – na 1994 is dit Trustgebiede of CPA gebiede.

Homelands were there, it was called Reserves and some British Crownland (they annexed all land, also the two independent Boer Republics.

Trustgebiede>Tuislande>Reservate