Turkye se Marmaray tonnel

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Die Marmaray tonnel projek sou ‘n omgewingsvolhoubare openbare vervoerstelsel wees, maar daar was heelwat onderbrekings terwyl dit gebou is. Dit word gedemonstreer deur die nuutgeboude gebou van die spoorwegstelsel, wat aangevul word deur vlote nuwe treine, sodat die Marmaray die ruggraat van ‘n nuwe openbare vervoernetwerk sal wees, wat maklike toegang, gemaklik en vinnig na alle punte van die stad, wat bydra tot die beskerming van kulturele en natuurlike erfenis.   Heelwat lande sal baat hierby vind, veral vir toekomstige gebruik.

Marmaray Tunnel construction under the Bosphorus | UIC Communications


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Deelnemers aan die 6de UIC Wêreldkongres oor Spoorveiligheid het gister die geleentheid gehad om die Marmaray-tonnel te besoek, die ondersese spoortonnel wat gebou word om die Europese en Asiatiese dele van Istanboel te verbind, wat onder die Bosporus-straat loop. Sultan Abdul Mecit het 150 jaar gelede vir die eerste keer gedroom om die twee kante van Istanbul onder water te verbind.

Wanneer dit voltooi is, sal dit die wêreld se diepste ondersese dompelbuistonnel wees wat toegewy is aan passasiersverkeer, en heel waarskynlik vragverkeer (die tonnel se administrateurs het konsultante gehuur om die opsies te bestudeer om die tonnel toe te laat om vragverkeer te vervoer). Die naam Marmaray (Marmarail) kom van die kombinasie van die naam van die See van Marmara, wat net suid van die projekterrein lê, met straal, die Turkse woord vir spoor.

Die projek sluit ‘n 13,6 km Bosporus-kruising en die opgradering van 63 km se voorstedelike treinlyne in om ‘n 76,3 km hoë-kapasiteit lyn tussen Gebze en Halkali te skep. Die Bosporus (Istanboel Straat) sal deur ‘n 1,4 km lange aardbewingvaste dompelbuis gekruis word. Konstruksie van die Marmaray-projek het in Mei 2004 begin. Die Marmaray-tonnel is op 23 September 2008 voltooi met ‘n formele seremonie ter viering van die voltooiing van die tonnel op 13 Oktober. Voltooiing van die hele projek is herhaaldelik vertraag, en vanaf Desember 2009 sou dit na verwagting in Oktober 2013 plaasvind. Na voltooiing word voorspel dat Istanbul se spoorvervoergebruik van 3,6% tot 27,7% sal styg, wat Istanbul se persentasiekoers van spoorweg sal meebring. vervoergebruik as die derde hoogste ter wêreld, agter Tokio (60%) en New York Stad (31%).

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Participants at the 6th UIC World Congress on Rail Security had the opportunity yesterday to visit Marmaray Tunnel, the undersea rail tunnel being constructed to link the European and Asian sections of Istanbul, running under the Bosphorus Strait. The idea of linking the two sides of Istanbul underwater was first dreamt of by Sultan Abdul Mecit 150 years ago.

When completed, it will be the world’s deepest undersea immersed tube tunnel dedicated to passenger traffic, and most probably freight traffic (the tunnel’s administrators hired consultants to study the options for allowing the tunnel to carry freight traffic). The name Marmaray (Marmarail) comes from combining the name of the Sea of Marmara, which lies just south of the project site, with ray, the Turkish word for rail.

The project includes a 13.6 km Bosphorus crossing and the upgrading of 63 km of suburban train lines to create a 76.3 km high-capacity line between Gebze and Halkali. The Bosphorus (Istanbul Strait) will be crossed by a 1.4 km-long earthquake-proof immersed tube. Construction of the Marmaray project started in May 2004.

The Marmaray tunnel was completed on 23 September 2008 with a formal ceremony to mark the completion of the tunnel on 13 October. Completion of the entire project has been repeatedly delayed, and as of December 2009, was expected to occur in October 2013. After completion, Istanbul’s rail transportation usage is predicted to rise from 3.6% to 27.7%, which would see Istanbul’s percentage rate of rail transportation use as the third highest in the world, behind Tokyo (60%) and New York City (31%).

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Daar moet net omgesien word na die risiko van aardbewings in die gebied.

‘n 150 jaar oue plan wat aanvanklik deur ‘n Ottomaanse Sultan in 1860 voorgehou is, het uiteindelik tot uitvoering gekom. Turkye het onlangs die onderwater Marmaray-spoorwegtonnel onthul, wat Asië effektief met Europa verbind. Die onthulling van die tonnel het saamgeval met Turkye wat sy 90ste herdenking van die stigting van die Turkse Republiek gevier het.

Turkse amptenare en die Japannese premier Shinzo Abe het die seremonie bygewoon. Japan was instrumenteel in die konstruksie en finansiering van die Marmaray-spoorwegtonnelprojek met ‘n belegging van $1 miljard van die $4 miljard totale koste van die projek.

“Ek wens van God dat die Marmaray wat ons inhuldig ‘n voordeel vir ons Istanbul, vir ons land, vir die hele mensdom sal wees,” het die Turkse premier, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, by die amptelike seremonie gesê. “Vandag verwesenlik ons ​​die drome van 150 jaar gelede, wat die twee vastelande en die mense van hierdie twee vastelande verenig.”

Dit is die wêreld se eerste onderwaterspoortonnel wat twee vastelande met mekaar verbind. Die tonnel is meer as 55 meter diep en volgens Turkse amptenare is dit 13,6 kilometer lank, insluitend 1,4 kilometer wat onder die Bosporus-straat loop – die verbinding tussen die Swart See en die See van Marmara.

Daar word gehoop dat die Marmaray-tonnel, wat deur Erdogan as die projek van die eeu gedoop is, sal help om Istanbul se chroniese verkeer te verlig. Amptenare sien ‘n 1,5 miljoen passasiers, wat gewoonlik daagliks twee swaar drukke brûe sal deurkruis, deur die dienste wat deur die tonnel verskaf word, te gebruik. En daar word gehoop dat die tonnel uiteindelik hoëspoed- en goederetreine sal bedien.

Marmaray project: Tunnels and stations in BC contract - ScienceDirect

A 150 year old plan initially put forward by an Ottoman Sultan in 1860 has finally come to fruition. Turkey recently unveiled the underwater Marmaray railway tunnel, effectively connecting Asia to Europe. The unveiling of the tunnel coincided with Turkey celebrating its 90th anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic.

Turkish officials and the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, attended the ceremony. Japan has been instrumental in the construction and financing of the Marmaray railway tunnel project with an investment of $1bn of the $4bn total cost of the project.

“I wish from God that the Marmaray that we are inaugurating will be a benefit to our Istanbul, to our country, to all of humanity,” said Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said at the official ceremony. “Today we are realizing the dreams of 150 years ago, uniting the two continents and the people of these two continents.”

This is the world’s first underwater railway tunnel to link two continents. The tunnel more than 55 metres deep and according to Turkish officials is 13.6 kilometres in length, including 1.4 kilometres running under the Bosporus Strait – the connecting link between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara.

It is hoped the Marmaray tunnel, dubbed by Erdogan as the project of the century, will help alleviate Istanbul’s chronic traffic. Officials see a1.5 million passengers, who would normally traverse two heavily trafficked bridges daily, utilizing the services provided by the tunnel. And it is hoped the tunnel will eventually serve high-speed and freight trains.

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Bronne

https://uic.org/com/enews/nr/192/article/technical-visit-of-the-6th-uic

https://www.railwaygazette.com/marmaray-tunnel-opens-to-link-europe-with-asia/38812.article

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