*
ANGLO-SAXON
Anglo-Saxon, term used historically to describe any member of the Germanic peoples who, from the 5th century CE to the time of the Norman Conquest (1066), inhabited and ruled territories that are today part of England and Wales. The Angles are first mentioned by Tacitus (1st century CE) as worshippers of the deity Nerthus.
*
Angle, member of a Germanic people, which, together with the Jutes, Saxons, and probably the Frisians, invaded the island of Britain in the 5th century CE. The Angles gave their name to England, as well as to the word Englisc, used even by Saxon writers to denote their vernacular tongue.
According to the Venerable Bede in the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, their Continental homeland was centred in Angulus, traditionally identified as the Angeln district in Schleswig between the Schlei inlet and the Flensburger Förde, which they appear to have abandoned at the time of their invasion of Britain. They settled in large numbers during the 5th and 6th centuries in what became the kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria, and East and Middle Anglia.
England used to be known as Engla land, meaning the land of the Angles, people from continental Germany, who began to invade Britain in the late 5th century, along with the Saxons and Jute. The term Great Britain was first used during the reign of King James I of England (James VI of Scotland) in 1603, to refer to the separate kingdoms of England and Scotland. on the same landmass, that were ruled over by the same monarch. Despite having the same monarch, both kingdoms kept their own parliaments.
If we use the modern names for the countries they came from, the Saxons were German-Dutch, the Angles were Southern Danish, and the Jutes were Northern Danish. They arrived over a number of decades.
*
The ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain‘ was formed in 1707 by the Act of Union that created a single kingdom with a single Parliament. (Scotland has always retained its own legal system). A hundred years later the Act of Union of 1801 joined Ireland to ‘Great Britain‘ and the name “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland” was first used. (Since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom and so the name changed).
England was once almost entirely covered with woodland, but tree cover is now the second lowest in Europe. Since early this century the government has been planting conifers to reverse this situation, but the pines have turned the soils around them acid and destroyed large areas of ancient peatland. Other common trees include oak, elm, chestnut, lime (not the citrus variety), ash and beech. Although there isn’t much tall flora around, you’ll see plenty of lovely wildflowers in spring – snowdrops, daffodils, bluebells, primroses, buttercups and cowslips all lend a touch of colour to the English countryside. On the moors there are several varieties of flowering heathers.
Flag
The Union Flag, popularly known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is the British flag. It is called the Union Flag because it symbolizes the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom. It is made up up of the individual Flags of three of the Kingdom’s countries all united under one Sovereign – the countries of ‘England, of ‘Scotland’ and of ‘Northern Ireland’ (since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). As Wales was not a Kingdom but a Principality it could not be included on the flag.
The Flag of England is the St George’s Cross (heraldic blazon: Argent, a cross gules). The red cross appeared as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the Crusades and is one of the earliest known emblems representing England. It also represents the official arms of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and it achieved status as the national flag of England during the sixteenth century.
The flag appeared during the Middle Ages. The St George’s Cross was used as an emblem (but not as a flag) of England was in a roll of account relating to the Welsh War of 1275. The English royalist forces at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 used a red cross on their uniforms, to distinguish themselves from the white crosses used by the rebel barons at the Battle of Lewes a year earlier.
Germanic religion, like most ancient religions, was polytheistic. In early times there were two groups of gods—the Aesir and the Vanir. However, after a war between the rival pantheons (which perhaps reflects a war between two rival tribes), the defeated Vanir were absorbed into the Aesir, and the gods of both were worshiped in a single pantheon.
This pantheon, which according to some accounts consisted of 12 principal deities, had Woden (Odin) as its chief god. Other important deities were Tiw (Tyr), Thor (Donar), Balder, Frey, Freyja, and Frigg. The gods dwelled in Asgard, where each deity had his or her own particular abode. The most beautiful of the palaces was Valhalla; there Woden, attended by the Valkyries, gave banquets to the dead heroes. The ancient Nordic gods, however, unlike the gods of most religions, were not immortal. They continually renewed their youth by eating the apples of Idun, but they were doomed, like mortals, to eventual extinction.
Saint George
Saint George became the patron saint of England in the thirteenth century, and the legend of Saint George slaying a dragon dates from the twelfth century.
The story of Saint George and the dragon is one of history’s favourite tales. But who was St. George?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4A9ZOvtbl0
*
*
Engeland het voorheen as Engla-land bekendgestaan, wat die land van die Angele beteken. Verwysende na persone van kontinentale Duitsland, wat Brittanje in die laat 5de eeu begin binneval het, saam met die Sakse en Jute. Die term Groot-Brittanje is die eerste keer gebruik tydens die bewind van koning James I van Engeland (James VI van Skotland) in 1603, om te verwys na die verskillende afsonderlike koninkryke van Engeland en Skotland, op dieselfde landmassa, wat deur dieselfde monarg regeer is. Ten spyte daarvan dat hulle dieselfde monarg gehad het, het beide koninkryke hul eie parlemente behou.
Wetgewing
Die ‘Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje’ is in 1707 gevorm deur die Wet van Unie wat ‘n enkele koninkryk met ‘n enkele Parlement geskep het. (Skotland het nog altyd sy eie regstelsel behou). ‘n Honderd jaar later het die Wet van Unie van 1801 Ierland met ‘Groot-Brittanje’ verbind en die naam “Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland” is vir die eerste keer gebruik. Sedert 1921 is slegs Noord-Ierland deel van die Verenigde Koninkryk en daarom het die naam verander.
Omgewing
Engeland is ‘n vrugbare land wat omring is deur groot riviere en klein stroompies. In die vroeë 19de eeu het Engeland die episentrum van ‘n wêreldwye Industriële Revolusie geword en gou die wêreld se mees geïndustrialiseerde land. Stede soos Manchester, Birmingham en Liverpool het ontstaan wat grondstowwe in vervaardigde goedere vir ‘n wêreldmark omskep het.
Vlag
Die Union Jack, algemeen bekend as die Union Jack, is die nasionale vlag van die Verenigde Koninkryk. Dit word die Union Jack genoem omdat dit die administratiewe unie van die lande van die Verenigde Koninkryk simboliseer. Dit bestaan uit die individuele vlae van drie van die Koninkryk se lande, almal verenig onder een Soewerein – die lande van ‘Engeland’, ‘Skotland’ en ‘Noord-Ierland’ (sedert 1921 is slegs Noord-Ierland deel van die Verenigde Koninkryk). Aangesien Wallis nie ‘n Koninkryk was nie, maar ‘n Prinsdom, kon dit nie op die vlag ingesluit word nie.
Die vlag van Engeland is die St. George-kruis (heraldiese wapen: Argent, ‘n kruis in rooi). Die rooi kruis het as ‘n embleem van Engeland gedurende die Middeleeue en die Kruistogte verskyn en is een van die vroegste bekende embleme wat Engeland verteenwoordig. Dit verteenwoordig ook die amptelike wapen van die Most Edel Order of the Garter, en dit het status as die nasionale vlag van Engeland gedurende die sestiende eeu bereik.
Die vlag het gedurende die Middeleeue verskyn. Die St. George-kruis is as ‘n embleem (maar nie as ‘n vlag nie) van Engeland gebruik en was in ‘n rekeningrol met betrekking tot die Walliese Oorlog van 1275. Die Engelse royalistiese magte by die Slag van Evesham in 1265 het ‘n rooi kruis op hul uniforms gebruik om hulself te onderskei van die wit kruise wat deur die rebellebaronne by die Slag van Lewes ‘n jaar tevore gebruik is.
Engeland was eens amper heeltemal met bosveld bedek, maar die boombedekking is nou die tweede laagste in Europa. Sedert vroeg in hierdie eeu plant die regering konifere om hierdie situasie om te keer, maar die dennebome het die grond rondom hulle suur gemaak en groot dele van antieke veenland vernietig. Ander algemene bome sluit in eikebome, olmbome, kastaiingbome, lindebome (nie die sitrusvariëteit nie), esse en beukbome. Alhoewel daar nie veel hoë flora is nie, sal jy in die lente baie pragtige veldblomme sien – sneeuklokkies, affodille, blouklokkies, sleutelbloemen, botterblomme en sleutelbloemen gee almal ‘n tikkie kleur aan die Engelse platteland. Op die heide is daar verskeie variëteite van blomheide.
Sint George het in die dertiende eeu die beskermheilige van Engeland geword, en die legende van Sint George wat ‘n draak doodmaak, dateer uit die twaalfde eeu.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wHm8uaWv-0&t=12s
Bronne
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angle-people
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nerthus
https://www.britannica.com/place/England
https://royalengland.blogspot.com/2011/01/enga-land-land-of-angles.html
http://projectbritain.com/britain/names.html
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zq2m6sg#:.
*
The Government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been described as “moronic” during a Dáil debate on mandatory hotel quarantine.
*
England is one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom. Its territory covers 130,395 km², the largest being the island of Great Britain. It is considered the best-located country in Europe, as it maintains an equal distance between the north and south of the continent. The predominant religion is Anglicanism, followed by Catholicism, and then various religions that arrived in England through its colonies around the world, with Islam being the third largest religion in the United Kingdom. The national flower is the Tudor rose, and the coat of arms depicts it with three lions, commemorating Richard the Lionheart. The rose was adopted as the national emblem after the Wars of the Roses and is formed by combining the symbols of the two heroes who fought in those battles. One of the sports that has brought the most joy to the English people is rugby, known in the rugby world as The Rose, which has won important tournaments, including the Rugby World Cup in 2003.
https://inglaterraysucapital.blogspot.com/2016/03/inglaterra-es-uno-de-los-4-paises-que.html
Kontak Admin – Contact Admin
volksvryheid9@gmail.com
*
ONAFHANKLIK 